Chapter 9 Short Answer Assignment:
1. Discuss how an agency ensures plausible deniability.
2. What are the six principles of military deception? List and describe them.
3. Differentiate between covert action and clandestine operations. How are they alike? How are they different?
4. What is the “Gang of Eight” and how does it relate to covert actions?
Chapter 9 Short Essay Assignment:
5. Give a historical example of both a covert action and a clandestine operation. Provide details related to both occurrences and explain how the operations differed from each other.
6. The text states arguments both for and against covert action. Which argument do you agree with? What standard would you propose for evaluating whether or not a covert operation is successful?
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