What would the spacing be if this was square spacing?

Just finish the assignment
Exercise Objectives
1. To practice using simple sampling designs, namely simple random sampling and systematic sampling, based on simulated common forestry problems.
2. To learn how the information can be used as evidence in hypothesis tests, leading to informed forest management decisions

PART I Simple Random Sampling
The map shown on the last page of this lab shows a land area on which the volume per plot (m3/0.03 ha) is known for all plots in the population. Normally, we would only be able to collect data for some of the plots in the population (sampling). We would then estimate the population mean (i.e., volume per plot or per ha) and the total volume of the area using these sample data.
Select a sample of 12 plots from the map of plots given (cubic metres per 0.03 hectare plot) using simple random sampling without replacement. Explain how you randomly selected the data and describe any problems you had. List the data. (0.5 pts)
Starting from the car, draw the path you would use to visit each plot center and collect data. Clearly identify the beginning and end of your transect. Briefly explain why you selected this path. (0.5 pts) Note: It does not need to be a closed loop***
Assuming the top of the map is North, calculate the distances and azimuths(degrees) for the following segments shown on your transect. (0.75pts)
From the car to the center of your 1st plot
From the center of your 1st plot to the center of your 2nd plot
From the center of your 2nd plot to the center of your 3rd plot
Calculate the mean volume per plot and a 95% confidence interval for this mean. (0.25 pts)
Calculate the total volume of the area and a 95% confidence interval for this total. (0.25 pts)
Convert the mean volume per plot and the associated confidence interval to a per hectare basis. (0.25 pts)
The company which operates in the area from which these data were taken has said that they believe that they can only operate if the total volume for the land area is more than 2100 cubic metres. Test this hypothesis using your data and an alpha of 0.05. Show the hypothesis (null and alternative), the test statistic, the critical value(s), and your decision. (0.5 pts)
How many plots would you have had to sample if you want the sampling error to be within:
a. + or – 80 cubic metres per hectare (i.e., 2.4 m3/0.03 ha plot) with 95% probability? (0.5 pts)
b. within 10% of the mean with 95% probability? (0.5 pts)
PART II Systematic Random Sampling
A forester is planning a survey using a systematic sampling design with the following specifications:
1. 2. 3.
4.
5. 6.

Intensity = 0.08 (i.e., 8 %)
Total area = 24 ha (600 m X 400 m; 1 ha = 10,000 m2) Size of plot = 0.04 ha (i.e., 20.0m X 20.0m square plot)
Calculate the area of all plots of the forester’s survey, combined (Ap). (0.25 pts) Calculate the number of plots required for this desired sampling intensity. (0.25 pts) Plot spacing:
a. Given rectangular spacing where length between plots is fixed at 45 m (B), what is the distance between lines of plots (L)? (0.5 pts)
b. What would the spacing be if this was square spacing? (0.5 pts)
Graph the sampling layout using the information and using square spacing.
a. Show your random start and explain how you got this. (1pts) b. Did you get the number of plots required? (1pts)
Given a fixed cost of $1600 (e.g., truck lease, etc.), and a cost per plot of $195, what will be the cost of this survey? (0.25pts)
If the budget was $8500, how many plots could you have measured and what intensity would this be? (0.25pts)